Jean Simmons

For the musician, see Gene Simmons.
Jean Simmons

from the trailer for Young Bess (1953)
Born Jean Merilyn Simmons
January 31, 1929(1929-01-31)
Lower Holloway, London, England, UK
Died January 22, 2010(2010-01-22) (aged 80)
, U.S.
Occupation Actress
Years active 1944–2009
Spouse Stewart Granger (1950-1960)
Richard Brooks (1960-1977)

Jean Merilyn Simmons, OBE (January 31, 1929 – January 22, 2010) was an English actress who later also became an American citizen.[1][2] She appeared predominantly in motion pictures, beginning with films made in Great Britain during and after World War II, followed mainly by Hollywood films from 1950.[3]

Contents

Early life and career

Simmons was born in Lower Holloway, London, England, to Charles Simmons and his wife Winifred (Loveland) Simmons; Jean was the youngest of four children; her siblings were Edna, Harold and Lorna. Simmons began acting at the age of 14. During World War II, the Simmons family was evacuated to Winscombe in Somerset.[4] Her father, a physical education teacher (who had represented Great Britain in the 1912 Summer Olympics),[5] taught briefly at Sidcot School, and sometime during this period Simmons followed her elder sister on to the village stage and sang songs such as "Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow Wow". Returning to London and just enrolled at the Aida Foster School of Dance, she was spotted by the director Val Guest, who cast her in the Margaret Lockwood vehicle Give us the Moon.[6] Prior to moving to Hollywood, she played the young Estella in David Lean's version of Great Expectations (1946) and Ophelia in Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948), for which she received her first Oscar nomination. It was the experience of working on Great Expectations that caused her to pursue an acting career more seriously:

"I thought acting was just a lark, meeting all those exciting movie stars, and getting £5 a day which was lovely because we needed the money. But I figured I'd just go off and get married and have children like my mother. It was working with David Lean that convinced me to go on."[7]

Playing Ophelia in Olivier's Hamlet made her a star, although she was already well-known for her work in other British films, including her first starring role in the film adaptation of Uncle Silas and Black Narcissus (both 1947). Olivier offered her the chance to work and study at the Bristol Old Vic, advising her to play anything they threw at her to get experience; she was under contract to the Rank Organisation who vetoed the idea.[8] In 1950 Rank sold her contract to Howard Hughes, who then owned the RKO studio in Hollywood.

In 1950, she married the English actor Stewart Granger, with whom she appeared in several films, successfully making the transition to an American career. She made four films for Hughes, including Angel Face, directed by Otto Preminger. According to David Thomson "if she had made only one film – Angel Face – she might now be spoken of with the awe given to Louise Brooks."[9] A court case freed her from the contract with Hughes in 1952.[9] In 1953, she starred alongside Spencer Tracy in The Actress, a film that was one of her personal favourites. Among the many films she appeared in during this period were The Robe (1953), Young Bess (1953), Désirée (1954), The Egyptian (1954), Guys and Dolls (1955), The Big Country (1958), Elmer Gantry (1960), (directed by her second husband, Richard Brooks), Spartacus (1960), and The Happy Ending (1969), again directed by Brooks and for which she received her second Oscar nomination.

By the 1970s, Simmons turned her focus to stage and television acting. She toured the United States in Stephen Sondheim's well-reviewed musical A Little Night Music, then took the show to London, and thus originated the role of Desirée Armfeldt on the West End.[10] Doing the show for three years, she said she never tired of Sondheim's music; "No matter how tired or off you felt, the music would just pick you up."

She portrayed Fiona Cleary, Cleary family matriarch, in the 1983 mini-series The Thorn Birds. Simmons won an Emmy Award for her role.

In 1985 and 1986, she appeared in North & South.

In 1988, she starred in The Dawning with Anthony Hopkins and Hugh Grant, and in 1989, she again starred in a mini-series, this time a version of Great Expectations, in which she played the role of Miss Havisham, Estella's adoptive mother. Simmons made a late career appearance in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "The Drumhead" as a witch-hunt-inspiring investigator named Admiral Norah Satie. From 1994 until 1998, Simmons narrated the A&E documentary television series, Mysteries of the Bible. In 2004, Simmons voiced the lead-role of Sophie in the English dub of Howl's Moving Castle.

Personal life

Jean Simmons was married and divorced twice: she married Stewart Granger in Tucson, Arizona on December 20, 1950. In 1956 she and Granger became U.S. citizens; they divorced in 1960. On November 1, 1960, she married director Richard Brooks; they divorced in 1977. Both men were significantly older than Simmons but she denied she was looking for a father figure. Her father had died when she was just sixteen but she said: "They were really nothing like my father at all. My father was a gentle, soft-spoken man. My husbands were much noisier and much more opinionated ... it's really nothing to do with age ... it's to do with what's there – the twinkle and sense of humour."[11] And in a 1984 interview, given in Copenhagen at the time she was shooting the film Yellow Pages, she elaborated slightly on her marriages, stating,

“ It may be simplistic, but you could sum up my two marriages by saying that, when I wanted to be a wife, Jimmy [Stewart Granger] would say: 'I just want you to be pretty.' And when I wanted to cook, Richard would say: 'Forget the cooking. You've been trained to act – so act!' Most people thought I was helpless – a clinger and a butterfly – during my first marriage. It was Richard Brooks who saw what was wrong and tried to make me stand on my own two feet. I'd whine: 'I'm afraid.' And he'd say: 'Never be afraid to fail. Every time you get up in the morning, you are ahead.' ”

She had two daughters, Tracy Granger (born September 1956) and Kate Brooks (born July 1961), one by each marriage – their names bearing witness to Simmons' friendship with Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn. Simmons moved to the East Coast in the late 1970s, briefly renting a home in New Milford, Connecticut. Later she moved to Santa Monica, California, where she lived until her death from lung cancer at home on January 22, 2010, nine days before her 81st birthday.[12]

In 2005, Simmons signed a petition to the British Prime Minister Tony Blair asking him not to upgrade cannabis from a class C drug to a class B.[13]

Her ashes were scattered at her home by her family.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

Awards
Nominations

References

  1. ↑ Obituary Los Angeles Times, 23 January 2010.
  2. ↑ Obituary London Independent, 26 January 2010.
  3. ↑ Harmetz, Aljean (January 23, 2010). "Jean Simmons, Actress, Dies at 80". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/24/movies/24simmons.html. Retrieved January 24, 2010. 
  4. ↑ Picturegoer 2 August 1947 'Are They Being Fair To Jean Simmons?'
  5. ↑ as told to Gloria Hunniford in Sunday, Sunday television interview LWT, Autumn 1985
  6. ↑ Val Guest So You Want to be in Pictures p.58.ISBN 1-90311-115-3
  7. ↑ Woman's Weekly, Christmas 1989
  8. ↑ Philip French "Jean Simmons: an unforgettable English rose", The Observer, 24 January 2010 (print edtion)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 David Thomson Obituary: Jean Simmons, The Guardian, 25 January 2010
  10. ↑ Sondheim Guide - A Little Night Music
  11. ↑ "Woman's Weekly Christmas 1989"
  12. ↑ "British-born Hollywood actress Jean Simmons dies at 80". BBC. 2010-01-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8476400.stm. Retrieved 23 January 2010. 
  13. ↑ Goodchild, Sophie (2005-12-18). "Sting leads campaign against Blair's plan to reclassify cannabis". London: The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/sting-leads-campaign-against-blairs-plan-to-reclassify-cannabis-519959.html. Retrieved 17 March 2010. 
  14. ↑ "Sports Day (1944)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0037305/. 
  15. ↑ "Give Us the Moon (1944)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0035945/. 
  16. ↑ "Mr. Emmanuel (1944)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0037093/fullcredits#cast. 
  17. ↑ "Kiss the Bride Goodbye (1945)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0036985/. 
  18. ↑ "Meet Sexton Blake (1945)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0037061/fullcredits#cast. 
  19. ↑ "Uncle Silas (1947)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0039492/. 
  20. ↑ "Cage of Gold (1950))". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0042295/. 
  21. ↑ "Affair with a Stranger (1953)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0045477/. 
  22. ↑ "A Bullet Is Waiting (1954)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0046812/. 
  23. ↑ "Home Before Dark (1958)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051732/. 
  24. ↑ "This Earth is Mine (1959)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053355/. 
  25. ↑ "Life at the Top (1965)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0059389/. 
  26. ↑ "Beggarman, Thief (1979)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0078839/. 
  27. ↑ "A Small Killing (1981)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083095/. 
  28. ↑ "December Flower (1984)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0397051/. 
  29. ↑ "Midas Valley (1985)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0089592/. 
  30. ↑ "Perry Mason: The Case of the Lost Love (1987)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093722/. 
  31. ↑ "Yellow Pages (1988)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095233/. 
  32. ↑ "Katherine Palmer (1995)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112781/. 
  33. ↑ "Winter Solstice (2003)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0354213/. 
  34. ↑ "Through the Moebius Stip (2005)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0267024/. 
  35. ↑ "Shadows in the Sun (2009)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1065124/. 

External links

Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy

Judy Holliday (1950) · June Allyson (1951) · Susan Hayward (1952) · Ethel Merman (1953) · Judy Garland (1954) · Jean Simmons (1955) · Deborah Kerr (1956) · Kay Kendall (1957) · Rosalind Russell (1958) · Marilyn Monroe (1959) · Shirley MacLaine (1960)

 · (1950–1960) · (1961–1980) · (1981–2000) · (2001–present)
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Miniseries or a Movie

Esther Rolle (1979) · Mare Winningham (1980) · Jane Alexander (1981) · Penny Fuller (1982) · Jean Simmons (1983) · Roxana Zal (1984) · Kim Stanley (1985) · Colleen Dewhurst (1986) · Piper Laurie (1987) · Jane Seymour (1988) · Colleen Dewhurst (1989) · Eva Marie Saint (1990) · Ruby Dee (1991) · Amanda Plummer (1992) · Mary Tyler Moore (1993) · Cicely Tyson (1994) · Judy Davis / Shirley Knight (1995) · Greta Scacchi (1996) · Diana Rigg (1997) · Mare Winningham (1998) · Anne Bancroft (1999) · Vanessa Redgrave (2000)

(1979–2000) · (2001–present)